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A green job, also called a green-collar job is, according to the United Nations Environment Program, "work in agricultural, manufacturing, research and development (R&D), administrative, and service activities that contribute(s) substantially to preserving or restoring environmental quality. Specifically, but not exclusively, this includes jobs that help to protect ecosystems and biodiversity; reduce energy, materials, and water consumption through high efficiency strategies; de-carbonize the economy; and minimize or altogether avoid generation of all forms of waste and pollution."〔(Green Jobs: Towards decent work in a sustainable, low-carbon world ) (September 2008), United Nations Environmental Programme.〕 == Net jobs == A 2004 study by the Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory (RAEL) at UC Berkeley reported that the renewable energy sector generates more jobs than the fossil fuel-based energy sector per unit of energy delivered (i.e., per average megawatt) across a broad range of scenarios.〔(Putting Renewables to Work: How Many Jobs Can the Clean Energy Industry Generate? ), Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory (RAEL), UC Berkeley, April 13, 2004 (corrected January 21, 2006) page 4 (page 2 of the PDF).〕 Contrarily, a report by Gabriel Calzada Alvarez analyzing the impact of an eleven-year Green energy project in Spain concluded that the U.S. should expect a loss of at least 2.2 jobs on average for each "green job" created, or about 9 jobs lost for every 4 created, in addition to those jobs that non-subsidized investments with the same resources would have created.〔(Study of the effects on employment of public aid to renewable energy sources ), Page 1 (page 7 of the PDF), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, March 2009.〕 A rebuttal to the Spanish study by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) presented numerous allegations of methodological flaws in the Spanish study, citing outdated data, non-standard measures of job creation, and a lack of accompanying statistical analysis among the limitations of the study.〔(NREL rebuttal to Spanish Study )〕 In 2010, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) received funding to analyze data about green jobs. The goal of this initiative is to () "(1) the number of and trend over time in green jobs, (2) the industrial, occupational, and geographic distribution of the jobs, and (3) the wages of the workers in these jobs."〔(Green Jobs ) – U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics〕 In September 2010, the BLS published its final definition of green jobs in the Federal Register,〔(US BLS: Notice of comments received and final definition of green jobs. )〕 organizing them in 2 types: A) Jobs in businesses that produce goods and provide services that benefit the environment or conserve natural resources. Type A) green jobs are further divided in 5 categories. B) Jobs in which workers' duties involve making their establishment's production processes more environmentally friendly or use fewer natural resources. Type B) jobs are further divided in 4 categories. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Green job」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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